The main two buttons allow you to set a fixed/variable width/height for your object while the four “T” buttons allow you to set a fixed/variable left margin/top margin/right margin/bottom margin. ![]() Select the object from your artboard that needs to be adjusted, change the Responsive Resize to Manual in the Property inspector and use one of the six buttons to make the changes that you need. Results of a responsive resize action can be easily edited. Move to the bounding box of your artboard and use it to resize our artboard. Select the artboard that you wish to resize and enable the Resposive Resize feature using the toggle button the Property inspector. We live in a world where designing for multiple devices is not only important, its essential. In every design tool, you will have a panel like the below. Best Practices for Designing with Responsive Resize in Adobe XD. Thanks to the Responsive Resize feature, XD automatically resizes your design by analyzing the objects from your design, the grouping structure and the overall layout.īefore you resize your work, it is important to group objects that are part of the same section (menus, buttons, carousels) to establish a relationships between them and give XD the information that it need to establish a hierarchy throughout your design.īy default, responsive resize is turned off for artboards to make sure that you can adjust the size of your artbaord without affecting its content. It means you can set how components behave when you resize the artboard or (their parent group). ![]() ![]() Most of the times your design will be used on a wide variety of screen sizes on mobile, tablet, and desktop which means that you have to consider how your design will look across multiple screen sizes.
0 Comments
The core itself was mostly unchanged, except for doubling the onboard memory and bandwidth, similar to the FireGL V7350 new driver and software support made up most of the difference. With the development of the high-performance X1900 XFX nearly finished, ATI based its first Stream Processor design on it, announcing it as the upcoming ATI FireSTREAM together with the new Close to Metal API at SIGGRAPH 2006. GPGPUs were projected to have immediate performance gains of a factor of 10 or more, over compared to contemporary multi-socket CPU-only calculation. The interest led ATI (and Nvidia) to create GPGPU products - able to calculate general purpose mathematical formulas in a massively parallel way - to process heavy calculations traditionally done on CPUs and specialized floating-point math co-processors. ![]() Each pixel and vertex shader, or unified shader in later models, can perform arbitrary floating-point calculations.įollowing the release of the Radeon R520 and GeForce G70 GPU cores with programmable shaders, the large floating-point throughput drew attention from academic and commercial groups, experimenting with using then for non-graphics work. The line was partnered with new APIs to provide higher performance than existing OpenGL and Direct3D shader APIs could provide, beginning with Close to Metal, followed by OpenCL and the Stream Computing SDK, and eventually integrated into the APP SDK.įor highly parallel floating point math workloads, the cards can speed up large computations by more than 10 times the earliest and one of the most visible users of the GPGPU, obtained 20-40 times the CPU performance. All support 32-bit single-precision floating point, and all but the first release support 64-bit double-precision. Like the FireGL/FirePro line, they were given more memory and memory bandwidth, but the FireStream cards do not necessarily have video output ports. The FireStream line is a series of add-on expansion cards released from 2006 to 2010, based on standard Radeon GPUs but designed to serve as a general-purpose co-processor, rather than rendering and outputting 3D graphics. The FireStream line has been discontinued since 2012, when GPGPU workloads were entirely folded into the AMD FirePro line. The AMD FireStream can also be used as a floating-point co-processor for offloading CPU calculations, which is part of the Torrenza initiative. Originally developed by ATI Technologies around the Radeon X1900 XTX in 2006, the product line was previously branded as both ATI FireSTREAM and AMD Stream Processor. ![]() AMD FireStream was AMD's brand name for their Radeon-based product line targeting stream processing and/or GPGPU in supercomputers. One more important thing to note is that the Grappling Hook can also interact with certain enemy types, allowing Lo Wang to quickly close down distance between himself and the enemies, expose enemy weak spots, or throw explosive barrels straight into incoming groups. Of course, all movement from previous Shadow Warrior games (double jumps, aerial dashes, wall climbing) are coming back as well, but the addition of the Grappling Hook and wall runs improves the overall dynamics of the game and allows for heaps of creativity when approaching enemies from different angles. Sure, both of them allow us to create more complex and engaging traversal sections, but we knew from the start that in order to make these new features really meaningful, they also need to play an important role within our combat space – and they do! Thanks to these new abilities combat arenas are more vertical than before, as various anchor points for interactions with the Grappling Hook or certain walls that Lo Wang can run on create additional “connections” between different sections of the arena. We don’t want the Grappling Hook or wall-running to only be used between combat arenas. Last, but not least, we’ve finally been able to add brand new gameplay features that we’ve been thinking about over the last couple of years, like the Grappling Hook, wall-running and outrageous executions which activate powerful temporary abilities that expand Lo Wang’s already diverse combat options.Īnother area where Shadow Warrior 3 is introducing some exciting changes is traversal, which, thanks to things like the grappling hook and wall-running, looks much more dynamic and nimble this time around. Level design has also improved with each location being hand-made, providing better pacing and interactivity with Lo Wang’s surroundings. Shadow Warrior 3 is, in short, a huge improvement over its predecessors in every area – from rounded and more responsive controls, to a more focused arsenal and greater enemy variety – where every piece of the puzzle has a meaningful role. Whenever we’re about to start the development of a new title, especially in the case of Shadow Warrior 3 which is a new installment of an already existing franchise, it’s important to look back at what we’ve achieved so far and which elements can be improved even further. Can you talk about some of the biggest improvements the sequel is making in these areas? Shadow Warrior’s blend of over-the-top action has always been key defining traits of the series, and it looks like Shadow Warrior 3 is taking that one step further. ![]() " Shadow Warrior 3 is a huge improvement over its predecessors in every area – from rounded and more responsive controls, to a more focused arsenal and greater enemy variety – where every piece of the puzzle has a meaningful role." ![]() ![]() You can read our conversation with lead designer Paweł Kowalewski below. With a greater focus on slick action and extreme mobility and level design revolving around new mechanics in those areas, Shadow Warrior 3 is thus far looking like a distillation of everything that this series has been about.Ĭurious as we have been to learn more about the game since it got announced, we recently reached out to its developers to ask our most burning questions about it, and in the process learned more about everything from its combat to its traversal to its progression mechanics and much more. With the recently announced Shadow Warrior 3, they’re look to keep that trajectory moving upward. ![]() The Shadow Warrior series has gone from strength to strength since it was rebooted in 2013, and with every new instalment, developers Flying Wild Hog have made an effort to refine the formula to its zenith. ![]() Thomas Ridgeley Duncan, physicist and second-in-command of the Garner Lunar Expedition. It turns out to be anything but the stupendous landmark achievement reserved for the history books. so had to be snapped up regardless.Īs editor of Astounding Magazine (still in curculation as Analog) Campbell “made modern science fiction what it is today.” The success of such SF greats as Asimov, Heinlein, Sturgeon and numerous others can be attributed to him. He is perhaps best known for the classic short story: Who Goes There? – twice filmed, once as The Thing (From Another World) (1951) and again as John Carpenter’s The Thing (1982).Īpart from being an influential figure in publishing, Campbell knew how to weave some thrilling tales. Sure enough, The Moon Is Hell is quite a distinctive piece of work. First published in 1951, it tells of the first manned mission to the M oon in the far-future of 1981.Įssentially, it is the diary account of Dr. Campbell.Īs someone who used to try SF novels based purely on the awesomeness of its cover art, this par ticular cover fails to either entice or excite any potential reader, but this happened to be the first time ever that my book quests have located any work by the legend that was John W. This gives just some idea of the chilling tone set by T he Moon Is Hell by John W. The men complain their batteries will not stay charged…” We cannot use more mantles, as they require the oxygen of six men, give little light… I sat up and watched the store-rooms for three hours, but could not remain awake longer. Le Guin has “gracefully developed” an absorbing and inventive read. An intriguing fusion of science and poetry, and reason and emotion, this “clever exercise in alternatives and ethics” should serve me well until The Left Hand of Darknesseventually finds its way into my eager mitts… “Patiently, and out of his own enormous vitality and talent, built up a stable of the best science-fiction writers the world had, till then, ever seen” – Isaac Asimov. Interestingly, each chapter begins with a quote from ancient Chinese philosopher: Chuang Tse, but one chapter leads with a staggering quote from Lafcadio Hearn. ![]() And his psychiatrist, William Haber, plans to benefit from this power… George Orr is the individual whose dreams possess the uncanny ability to alter reality. It is a truly prescient and startling view of humanity, and the consequences of playing God.” The Lathe of Heaven (1971) is “a dark vision and a warning – a fable of power uncontrolled and uncontrollable. Keen to read more female SF writers, you could not ask for a more prominent example than Ursula K. Those who cannot do it will be destroyed on the Lathe of Heaven – Chuang Tse: XXIII. “To let understanding stop at what cannot be understood is a high attainment. “Those whom heaven helps we call the Sons of Heaven. Highly and widely praised as “a brilliant creation of a weird alternative reality,” this enthusiastic bunny is beginning to agree. Upon the shoulders of the magus Lord Corwin falls the task of finding King Oberon – and foiling the sinister alternative reality threatening to destroy Amber… ![]() Monstrous evil forces emerge from the dark, alternative world of Shadow. The whole kingdom is set to plunge into chaos, for Oberon, Amber’s magical king, has gone missing. Is Amber treading the path to destruction? I sometimes think that this has something to do with a childhood spent listening to radio dramas” – Roger Zelazny.Īt the zenith of otherworldly wonders on the printed page, Lord of Lightby Roger Zelazny stands as one of the most astonishing SF masterpieces ever written.Įndeavouring to catch up with other scintillating works by this SF grandmaster, The Hand Of Oberon (1976) is an intriguing addition to his five-part Amber series – a foray into the fantasy genre, in keeping with his interest in myth, miracles and theatricality. I tend to hear the dialogue, also, when rehearsing it in my mind. If I cannot see a person or place clearly I cannot write about them too well. “I visualize eperything in my stories in considerable detail. So, 2018: the Year of the Black Panther is upon us.įirst and foremost, let it be a groovy one for you, dear reader.įor me, one major objective this year is simple, but imperative: Read More Science Fiction Novels and, thus, feature more book reviews on this site! Over this past year, my visits to secondhand bookshops have intensified, and some interesting titles have come my way. ![]() It is always the art of the possible, never the impossible” – Ray Bradbury. “As soon as you have an idea that changes some small part of the world, you are writing science fiction. ![]() Change your underwear constantly, especially after a workout.Stick to Calvin Klein classics for everyday wear. Hand wash your Calvin Klein underwear as they are delicate and machine wash could shorten their lifespan.Form-fitting clothing, bodycon dresses, and tights call for seamless underwear, tangas or thongs. Focus on the fabric and style when you pick your Calvin Klein underwear.Do pick Calvin Klein underwear that is of your size and fits well at all points comfortably.Here are a few tips in a crisp set of do’s and don'ts you could follow while using underwear: Tips on How to Use Calvin Klein UnderwearĬK underwear are comfortable, durable and fit every occasion. ![]() This Calvin Klein underwear for men are also made available as bathing suits, crafted from water-resistant material. Calvin Klein underwear for women are made in exclusive designs, colours and prints, making them nothing less of a designer piece.ĬK Trunks have shorter legs that are squared off for a better fit. Calvin Klein thongs and the complete range of swimwear are available in water-resistant material making them perfect for beach days and pool parties. ![]() The Calvin Klein underwear collection for women also comprise swimwear bottoms like bikinis, tangas, and thongs. If you are wondering what Calvin Klein boxer briefs could mean in that case, they are a hybrid of briefs and boxers - have legs like boxers but are well-fitted like briefs. This Calvin Klein underwear type does not pull, pinch or cause any kind of discomfort. Here are three major categories that will help you choose your new underwear style:īriefs are underwear types picked by both men and women wherein there is complete front and back coverage and is designed for comfort. The Calvin Klein underwear collection offers a wide range of options with different cuts, materials, fits and colours. In addition to this, the brand also offers boxers, swim shorts, thermal tops, bras, lounge t-shirts, swimwear among many more products. If you are looking to add a few new pieces to your underwear drawer, you should consider CK as they offer innerwear that focuses on comfort and style. The brand specialises in lifestyle accessories, home furnishings, watches, perfumes, and clothing including the popular Calvin Klein underwear. A firm favourite at UnderU are the Heritage Calvin Klein boxer trunks and the geometric Calvin Klein CK One boxer shorts, both would be great additions to any men's underwear draw.Experience Comfort with Calvin Klein UnderwearĬalvin Klein is an American brand established in the year 1968 by designers Calvin Klein and his childhood friend, Barry K. ![]() We have something for every taste so you can wear the famous Calvin Klein boxer shorts whatever your budget. UnderU are proud to offer this timeless brand to you, so what are you waiting for, visit the Calvin Klein Men's Underwear Sale today in our Mens Underwear UK collection and choose your favourite design and colour. Don't skimp on style, design and comfort, get the very best in designer men's underwear, all at exceptionally low prices. Shop the Calvin Klein Underwear Sale now and choose from a wide range of Calvin Klein boxers shorts, Calvin Klein men's briefs and men's boxer trunks, available all at unbeatable prices. Showing Calvin Klein's wonderful world of colour at its best. Choose your favourite styles today and see which look will suit you the best!! Calvin Klein Underwear Sale UnderU have a wide selection of styles and colours to suit every man this season, from luxurious and sleek style men's boxer trunks to the more loud and proud men's underwear designs. Try contrasting waistbands, ultimate comfort and stylish designs from Calvin Klein underwear. eBay is not affiliated with or endorsed by Humanscale. Content provided for informational purposes only. Refer to the manufacturer’s website for more details and a better understanding of the chair’s adjustable features that make for a world of possibilities. Their solid colours are suitable for gamers and many relaxed environments to create. These chairs, intended for professionals who must sit to focus on their work, are flexible for a variety of applications. The chairs ultra-lightweight design is made from just 8. Desk ergonomics: These armrests support you at a desk, and the seating, which is the bottom of the chair, works with its back portion so that you can lean back and forth without difficulty.Īre Humanscale chairs only for the workspace? The Diffrient World Chair has earned a Best of the Best distinction from the Red Dot awards.This built-in ventilation provides a sensation as if it lacked weighted materials. Lightweight vinyl: The mesh material of Humanscale creates a constant airflow between the seating and your back.You’ll find it convenient when you’re standing and pushing the chair also. They have a coverage period of five years and are covered for usage periods of eight hours a day and 40 hours a week. The upholstery, foam and arm pads are an exception to this coverage. The warranty covers the chair for 24/7 usage and for people up to 300 lbs. Biography Diffrient was born in 1928 in a farmhouse near Star, Mississippi. Diffrient focused mainly on ergonomic seating, and his most well known designs are the Freedom and Liberty chairs, manufactured by Humanscale. Wheeled mobility: Professionals use the mobility of Humanscale to push and pull themselves around the office. Humanscale covers the Diffrient Smart chair for 15 years. Niels Diffrient (6 September 1928 8 June 2013) was an American industrial designer.You can adjust the height of this chair to meet those needs wherever they arise. Adjusted height: The desk you work at or the computer you need to type on may change location from hour to hour.By replicating this mould within the chair, you’ll work less to find the fitting your spine needs. The natural curvature of the spine is one where the lower back sits inverted inward while the upper sits slightly outward. This portion is moulded without the intent of changing form. Humanscale supports this area with a moulded arch made into the back of its chair. Lumbar support: The lumbar is the lower region of the spinal column.What kind of support do Humanscale chairs have?įor your consideration, these features support your posture: ![]() These chairs on eBay work on an adjustable system to help you tilt, lean, and sway in a manner that works. ![]() The contours of Humanscale chairs are sleek and follow the natural human anatomy, which makes finding the right fit a thing of ease. Office chairs are crafted to infuse your work process with stability, strength, and support for your back. Why are specific chairs made for the office? Find what you need in the wide selection of eBay listings of Humanscale chairs as you search for something professional you can rely on. There’s an achievable level of science you need to make your daily routines at your desk simple and comfy. Your workspace should feel welcoming as soon as you arrive. Complete Your Workspace With a Humanscale Chair ![]() I have been slowly playing through Welcome to Karambaras map set also known as (pieceofshit.wad) with using Zandronum on difficulty 2 while I am not playing anything else. If you have questions about his works, ask me. Gameplay - Single Player, maybe CooperativeĪlso Kenon have made a lot of not so big wads, you can find it here. New graphics - textures and sprites from Heretic Ports to launch: GzDoom, possibly Zandronum The task of heroes - crush the D'Sparil and destroy the Sphere of Chaos, which he uses to control his troops. Story: The action takes place in parallel world of Hexen, where instead of Korax, world Cronos was attacked by D'Sparil and with the help of his army brought the chaos and destruction to this world. It have only 4 levels, but it have "hub" mode. My long work for Hexen, which i was started in September 2013. Then slot of map, name of map and author. User "Heretic" from forum helped with this mod. Wad is not playable in Single Player mode.Ĭooperative collection of levels for the port Zandronum. Also few new guns: analogue of Doom's BFG (you will met this close to the end) and Shotgun analogue (only on secret level). On many levels you will meet Decorate modified monsters. This project is hardcore cooperative wad for Skulltag, with one episode. Ports to launch: ZDoom, GzDoom, Skulltag, Zandronum. It have also a lot of enemies and own story. New music was added, also monsters from Hexen, new textures etc. This mod contains good architecture of levels and interesting gameplay. This wad is not designed for Single Player mode, only for Online Cooperative (with ports Skulltag or Zandronum). All wads of Kenon have a very high difficulty. This wad consists of two episodes: Hardworld and Falanor Chaos. I will try to introduce to his works with screenshots, description and link to download. I'm not sure if i choose the right section to post, but move this thread, if i'm wrong. He knows English language even less than me, so i decided to make this post. We are both from Russia, and he is good mapper for games Heretic: Shadow of Serpent Riders and Hexen: Beyond Heretic, which are based on Doom 2 engine. My interest to modifications to Doom reduced, but i feel it my duty to tell you about works of my close friend Kenon. Heretic jHRP "3D models, high-resolution user interface and textures.Hello! I wasn't on this forum since 2009 year. Heretic High Resolution Pack (more detailled textures): Modifications (can work with vanilla wads): When you will click on a server, if you have the IWAD (heretic/hexen), you will be able to play on the servers, if you need some files (because people add some stuff or new expansions) Doomseeker will download it for you! :) In the same window, go on File Paths => in "IWAD and PWAD paths": add the folder where your files are! - Example: c:\Zandronum While in Doomseeker, click on "Options" >Configure, then, Engines>Zandronum => Path to executable: (It's to load the game basically) it's like "C:/Zandronum/zandronum.exe. When you have installed Zandronum you can play online with Doomseeker (be sure to install the latest STABLE version). You must add "-file", then the wad "hocx.wad" and then the texture pack "heretic_high_resolutionpack.pk3", then you can also add music packs like "musicpack.wad", but always after the texture pack. ![]() wad file will become automatically a zandronum file, open it and load an heretic expansion with the heretic.wad (you need heretic to load some heretic "fan wads", same with hexen), you can do the same with all mods for both H Phones as components of articulation are usually described using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Phones which play the same role are grouped together into classes called phonemes the study of these is phonemics or phonematics or phonology. ![]() The branch of linguistics which studies these units of sound is phonetics. Currently, we support English (British, American. Syllables are combinations of units of sound ( phones), for example "goo" has one syllable made up of and. With (How to) Pronounce, you can easily check the pronunciation of a word or phrase and memorize it. Data on variables such as language aptitude and task switching ability could help elucidate factors involved in the preservation of a native-like pronunciation. Orthoepy means pronunciation considered correct, or the study thereof.Ī word can be spoken in different ways by various individuals or groups, depending on many factors, such as: the duration of the cultural exposure of their childhood, the location of their current residence, speech or voice disorders, their ethnic group, their social class, or their education. General-purpose dictionaries typically only include standard pronunciations, but regional or dialectal pronunciations may be found in more specific works. Words' pronunciations can be found in reference works such as dictionaries. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect ("correct" or "standard" pronunciation) or simply the way a particular individual speaks a word or language. Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. How to say elucidate in English Pronunciation of elucidate with 4 audio pronunciations, 17 synonyms, 2 meanings, 15 translations, 8 sentences and more for elucidate. ![]() He wants to know what was really going on. After a few more insinuations, Baxter snaps at Murray and tells him to stop talking trash. Baxter there to clinch a deal concerning Lombardo's compensation to the Van Ryans.įirst of all, Murray makes fun of Baxter: he says Baxter was going to love the place, since he could not eat sushi every day etc. There is a cut to a third-class restaurant called "Under the Tree". The scene starts, after Sandra van Ryan has asked her lawyer (Mr. It is a shame that this scene was missing in the theatrical version, since Murray's charm renders it extremely funny and amusing. Then she tells defiantly tells Duquette that she found Lombardo quite cute.Īn hilarious scene featuring Bill Murray as Sam Lombardo's lawyer was re-inserted in the Unrated version. The calls him a "hound", whereupon the sarcastically asks "pussyhound?". He asks her if she had not noticed his routine, alluding to Lombardo's reputation as a ladykiller. As they leave, the wife asks Duquette, why she had the impression that he could not stand Professor Lombardo. Duquette's is a much more cold-blooded character than he initially appears to be.Īfter a leap in time, we now see Lombardo seeing out the two policemen and inviting them to come over again some time. This is the first scene which shows that Sgt. Lombardo and his colleague are indignant at the stiff penalty, but Doquette just says that she had to be arrested because she had skeletons in her closet. Doquette explains that he had arrested her for drug possession, for which she was sentenced to six months in jail. However, she angrily makes off straight away. They spot Suzie Toller (Neve Campell), sitting on a bench. Sam Lombardo (Matt Dillon), Duquette and his colleague walk across the campus. Ray Duquette (Kevin Bacon) has delivered the lecture on sexual offences: Relatively early in the movie, there is the first new plot scene. Whoever wants the film, is in any case well-advised to buy the Unrated version.Ĭomparison between the German theatrical version, equivalent to the international theatrical version (R-Rated) and the Unrated DVD by Columbia Tristar. An additional scene featuring an outstandingly hilarious Bill Murray and the extended ending are absolute highlights. ![]() Concerning "Wild Things", however, the new plot scenes surprisingly do not only turn out to be a purchasing incentive, but do really deepen the film further. In the case of a movie version with an extended plot, the following question usually arises: "Do the additional plot scenes improve the film? Do they justify a purchase?" - It is not given that longer runtime improves a film! Longer does not mean better (The Crow 2). In the whole pre-release jumble about additional erotic scenes, those got quite lost or were only mentioned marginally: So much about the erotic issuce, which unavoidably comes up with this movie. In reverse, one gets to see much more of Denise Richards in the Unrated version. It was quite evident and so it happened thus, tears are out of place. This is particularly obvious when considering the fact that she had someone stand in for her during a naked scene in 2003. The question as to what a movie benefits more from, will be left out of consideration.īut one thing is and was clear a priori: Neve Campbell (Scream), who probably had the larger fanbase compared to Denise Richards (Starship Troopers), is not seen nude in the Unrated version. The initial fan euphoria dampened when it became clear that in the cast majority of cases, this involved deepening plot scenes, not erotic scenes. Prior to its release, it was widely advertised as an Unrated edition, using slogans like ".comes with a lot new unrated too-hot-for-cinema-stuff". In 2004, an extended version of the erotic thriller "Wild Things" was released in the US and Canada. The blocks that have now become free are erased and can be written with new data ( program). ![]() To do this, the (valid) content that is still important is read from several blocks with valid and invalid cells and written to a new block. Only then is tidying up carried out: the garbage collection or in short GC. The controller in the memory card will first of all write to blocks and pages that are still free. For technical reasons (file system) and to avoid unnecessary Program-Erase Cycle (or short P/E), which limit the service life similar to charge cycles in a battery, the actual data is not deleted immediately when a file is deleted, but the relevant pages are marked as deleted, or more technically invalid. VALUETECH Why does deleting photos and videos may cost speed?Ī problem arises from the latter circumstance. Simply use the following voucher at the checkout page: Together with Viltrox, we are happy to offer a 10% discount in the official VILTROX Store. You are interested in Viltrox products? Viltrox is known for its great Adapters, Speed Booster, LED Lights and a variety of Lenses for mirrorless cameras with Canon EF-M, Fuji X, Nikon Z and Sony E Mount. #ad Viltrox Lenses & Accessories: Get 10% Off! View of an SD memory card in a HEX editor: Even after being deleted, the files are still in the memory cells. In order to be able to write in a block again, this must have been deleted before completely (strongly simplified). A block is the smallest unit that can be erased. If a single bit must be stored, a whole page is always addressed. Important for the problems with deleting and formatting: A page is the smallest level that can be written ( program). This is why, for example, higher-capacity models are often faster than the smallest variants of a model series. Individual dies and/or planes can be addressed in parallel to enable higher read and above all write speeds. The package is the memory chip that finally ends up on the PCB in the memory card. Several hundred of these blocks are combined into a Plane, on each individual Die (silicon chip) there are usually two to four Planes and several Dies can be in a Package. Several hundred to a thousand pages then become a block, which can already hold between 512 kilobytes (kB) and 96 megabytes (MB). a five-digit number of individual memory cells. There is room for between 512 and 16,384 bytes in a so-called page, i.e. In order to efficiently address some billions or even trillions of memory cells, these are divided into different levels. Structure of a NAND flash die into plane, block and page ![]() Consequently, two (QLC) to eight memory cells (SLC) are needed to store one byte (eight bits). Depending on whether two (1 bit SLC), four (2 bit MLC), eight (3 bit TLC) or 16 different voltage levels are used (4 bit QLC), a cell can store a corresponding number of bits. ![]() Different voltage levels are stored in each individual memory cell. NAND flash is a transistor-based semiconductor memory produced on silicon wafers. Unfortunately, to understand the why, some background knowledge is needed about NAND flash memory, as it is used in virtually every memory card. We want to answer the most important questions and dispel some myths. ![]() Should you format your (SD) memory card after every use? Do you risk defective pictures and broken videos if you delete data instead of formatting the memory card? And if you format, how and where? You see: A supposed trifle like deleting photos and videos from a memory card is hotly debated all over the internet - including a lot of hearsay and outdated technical background. The Ultimate Guide: Format or erase memory cards? And how? |